CBSE Class 10 Science 2019 · Paper 31/5/3 · Question 7
What is a dam ? List two main advantages and two ill effects of constructing a big dam.
Answer
A dam stores river water, giving irrigation and electricity, but displaces people and submerges forests, causing loss of biodiversity.
A dam is a barrier built across a river or a stream to hold back its water and store it in a reservoir.
Advantages: (1) the stored water is supplied through canals for irrigation; (2) the water is used to generate electricity (hydroelectric power).
Ill effects (any two): (1) social: large numbers of people, mostly peasants and tribals, are displaced without adequate compensation or rehabilitation; (2) environmental: forests are submerged, causing deforestation and a loss of biodiversity; (3) economic: huge amounts of public money are spent without proportionate benefits.
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