Class 10 Science · Chapter 4

Carbon and its Compounds

201 Class 10 Science questions on Carbon and its Compounds from the NCERT textbook, NCERT Exemplar and CBSE board papers 2024–2026, each with its answer and a step-by-step solution.

CBSE Class 10 Science previous year papers, with answers →

Questions · page 3 of 11

1. Q41 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Chlorine reacts ​with ​saturated hydrocarbons ​at ​room ​temperature in ​the

   1. (a)Absence of sunlight
   2. (b)Presence of sunlight
   3. (c)Presence of water
   4. (d)Presence of hydrochloric acid
   Show answer

   (b) Presence of sunlight

   Step-by-step solution →
2. Q42 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   In the soap micelles

   1. (a)The ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster
   2. (b)Ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon chain is out of the cluster
   3. (c)Both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the cluster
   4. (d)Both ionic end and carbon chain are on the exterior of the cluster
   Show answer

   (a) The ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster

   Step-by-step solution →
3. Q43 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Pentane ​has ​the ​molecular ​formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{12}$. It ​has

   1. (a)5 covalent bonds
   2. (b)12 covalent bonds
   3. (c)16 covalent bonds
   4. (d)17 covalent bonds
   Show answer

   (c) 16 covalent bonds

   Step-by-step solution →
4. Q44 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Structural ​formula of ​benzene ​is ​(see the four ring structures in ​the ​figure)

   1. (a)A six-carbon ring in which one carbon carries two double bonds and no hydrogen, one carbon carries two hydrogen atoms, and a third double bond lies elsewhere in the ring
   2. (b)A six-carbon ring with only single bonds, every carbon carrying two hydrogen atoms
   3. (c)A six-carbon ring with three double bonds placed alternately, every carbon carrying one hydrogen atom
   4. (d)A six-carbon ring with two double bonds, four carbons carrying one hydrogen atom and two carbons carrying two
   Show answer

   (c) A six-carbon ring with three double bonds placed alternately, every carbon carrying one hydrogen atom

   Step-by-step solution →
5. Q45 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Ethanol ​reacts ​with ​sodium ​and ​forms two products. ​These are

   1. (a)Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen
   2. (b)Sodium ethanoate and oxygen
   3. (c)Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
   4. (d)Sodium ethoxide and oxygen
   Show answer

   (c) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen

   Step-by-step solution →
6. Q46 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   The correct ​structural formula of ​butanoic ​acid ​is ​(see the four ​structures in the figure)

   1. (a)A four-carbon chain carrying a carbon–carbon double bond between the second and third carbons and ending in $-\text{COOH}$
   2. (b)A five-carbon chain ending in $-\text{COOH}$, with the last carbon drawn carrying an extra hydrogen as well
   3. (c)A four-carbon chain in which every carbon carries two hydrogen atoms and the chain ends in $-\text{OH}$, with no carbon–oxygen double bond
   4. (d)A four-carbon chain with only single carbon–carbon bonds, ending in $-\text{COOH}$
   Show answer

   (d) A four-carbon chain with only single carbon–carbon bonds, ending in $-\text{COOH}$

   Step-by-step solution →
7. Q47 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Vinegar is a solution of

   1. (a)50% – 60% acetic acid in alcohol
   2. (b)5% – 8% acetic acid in alcohol
   3. (c)5% – 8% acetic acid in water
   4. (d)50% – 60% acetic acid in water
   Show answer

   (c) 5% – 8% acetic acid in water

   Step-by-step solution →
8. Q48 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Mineral ​acids are stronger ​acids ​than ​carboxylic acids because

   1. (i)mineral ​acids are ​completely ionised
   2. (ii)carboxylic acids are completely ionised
   3. (iii)mineral acids are partially ionised
   4. (iv)carboxylic ​acids ​are partially ionised

   1. (a)(i) and (iv)
   2. (b)(ii) and (iii)
   3. (c)(i) and (ii)
   4. (d)(iii) and (iv)
   Show answer

   (a) (i) and (iv)

   Step-by-step solution →
9. Q49 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
   Carbon forms four ​covalent bonds ​by sharing its four valence ​electrons with four univalent ​atoms, e.g. hydrogen. ​After the formation of four ​bonds, carbon attains ​the electronic ​configuration of

   1. (a)Helium
   2. (b)Neon
   3. (c)Argon
   4. (d)Krypton
   Show answer

   (b) Neon

   Step-by-step solution →
10. Q50 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    The correct electron ​dot ​structure ​of a ​water ​molecule ​is (see the ​four structures in the figure)

    1. (a)A single dot between each hydrogen and the oxygen, with a pair of dots above the oxygen and a pair below it
    2. (b)A pair of dots between the left hydrogen and the oxygen, a single dot between the oxygen and the right hydrogen, and a pair of dots above the oxygen and a pair below it
    3. (c)A pair of dots between the oxygen and each hydrogen, with a pair of dots above the oxygen and a pair below it
    4. (d)A pair of dots between the oxygen and each hydrogen, and no other dots at all
    Show answer

    (c) A pair of dots between the oxygen and each hydrogen, with a pair of dots above the oxygen and a pair below it

    Step-by-step solution →
11. Q51 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    Which ​of ​the ​following is not ​a straight ​chain ​hydrocarbon?

    1. (a)${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2$ with a ${\text{CH}}_3$ written below the last ${\text{CH}}_2$
    2. (b)${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_3$
    3. (c)${\text{H}}_2\text{C}-{\text{H}}_2\text{C}-{\text{H}}_2\text{C}-{\text{CH}}_2$ with a ${\text{CH}}_3$ written above the first carbon and another ${\text{CH}}_3$ below the last
    4. (d)$({\text{CH}}_3)({\text{H}}_3\text{C})\text{CH}-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_3$, that is two methyl groups on the same carbon at one end
    Show answer

    (d) $({\text{CH}}_3)({\text{H}}_3\text{C})\text{CH}-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_3$, that is two methyl groups on the same carbon at one end

    Step-by-step solution →
12. Q52 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    Which ​among ​the ​following ​are unsaturated ​hydrocarbons?

    1. (i)${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_3$
    2. (ii)${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-\text{C}\equiv \text{C}-{\text{CH}}_3$
    3. (iii)${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-\text{CH}({\text{CH}}_3)-{\text{CH}}_3$
    4. (iv)${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-\text{C}({\text{CH}}_3)={\text{CH}}_2$

    1. (a)(i) and (iii)
    2. (b)(ii) and (iii)
    3. (c)(ii) and (iv)
    4. (d)(iii) and (iv)
    Show answer

    (c) (ii) and (iv)

    Step-by-step solution →
13. Q53 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    Which ​of the following ​does ​not ​belong ​to the same ​homologous series?

    1. (a)${\text{CH}}_4$
    2. (b)${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$
    3. (c)${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8$
    4. (d)${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_8$
    Show answer

    (d) ${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_8$

    Step-by-step solution →
14. Q54 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    The ​name ​of ​the ​compound ${\text{CH}}_3-{\text{CH}}_2-\text{CHO}$ ​is

    1. (a)Propanal
    2. (b)Propanone
    3. (c)Ethanol
    4. (d)Ethanal
    Show answer

    (a) Propanal

    Step-by-step solution →
15. Q55 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    The ​heteroatoms ​present ​in ${\text{CH}}_3-{\text{CH}}_2-\text{O}-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{CH}}_2\text{Cl}$ are

    1. (i)​oxygen
    2. (ii)carbon
    3. (iii)​hydrogen
    4. (iv)​chlorine

    1. (a)(i) and (ii)
    2. (b)(ii) and (iii)
    3. (c)(iii) and (iv)
    4. (d)(i) and (iv)
    Show answer

    (d) (i) and (iv)

    Step-by-step solution →
16. Q56 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    Which of ​the ​following represents saponification ​reaction?

    1. (a)${\text{CH}}_3\text{COONa}+\text{NaOH}\stackrel{\text{CaO}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_4+{\text{Na}}_2{\text{CO}}_3$
    2. (b)${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}+{\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5\text{OH}\stackrel{{\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4}{\to }{\text{CH}}_3{\text{COOC}}_2{\text{H}}_5+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$
    3. (c)$2{\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}+2\text{Na}\to 2{\text{CH}}_3\text{COONa}+{\text{H}}_2$
    4. (d)${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COOC}}_2{\text{H}}_5+\text{NaOH}\to {\text{CH}}_3\text{COONa}+{\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5\text{OH}$
    Show answer

    (d) ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{COOC}}_2{\text{H}}_5+\text{NaOH}\to {\text{CH}}_3\text{COONa}+{\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5\text{OH}$

    Step-by-step solution →
17. Q57 Exemplar · Multiple Choice Questions
    The ​first member ​of ​alkyne ​homologous series ​is

    1. (a)Ethyne
    2. (b)Ethene
    3. (c)Propyne
    4. (d)Methane
    Show answer

    (a) Ethyne

    Step-by-step solution →
18. Q58 Exemplar · Short Answer Questions
    Draw ​the ​electron ​dot structure ​of ethyne and also draw its ​structural ​formula.
    Show answer

    Each H shares one pair with a C and the two C atoms share three pairs, giving $\text{H}-\text{C}\equiv \text{C}-\text{H}$.

    In the electron dot structure each hydrogen shares one electron pair with a carbon atom and the two carbon atoms share three pairs with each other, using all $10$ valence electrons as $5$ shared pairs, with no lone pair anywhere. Replacing each shared pair by a line gives the structural formula $\text{H}-\text{C}\equiv \text{C}-\text{H}$.

    Step-by-step solution →
19. Q59 Exemplar · Short Answer Questions
    Write the ​names of the following compounds ​(a), ​(b), ​(c) and (d), ​whose structural formulae are given ​in the ​figure.

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    The four compounds are (a) pentanoic acid, (b) but-1-yne, (c) heptanal and (d) pentan-1-ol.

    (a) Pentanoic acid; (b) But-1-yne (butyne); (c) Heptanal; (d) Pentan-1-ol (pentanol).

    Step-by-step solution →
20. Q60 Exemplar · Short Answer Questions
    Identify and name ​the functional groups ​present ​in the ​following compounds (a), (b), (c) ​and (d), whose structural formulae ​are given in ​the ​figure.

    Show answer

    (a) Alcohol, (b) carboxylic acid, (c) ketone, (d) alkene.

    (a) Alcohol, the hydroxyl group $-\text{OH}$ (propan-1-ol); (b) Carboxylic acid, the carboxyl group $-\text{COOH}$ (propanoic acid); (c) Ketone, the carbonyl group $>\text{C}=\text{O}$ inside the chain (pentan-3-one); (d) Alkene, a carbon-carbon double bond $\text{C}=\text{C}$ (but-1-ene).

    Step-by-step solution →