CBSE Class 10 Science 2020 · Paper 31(B) · Question 27(b)
- (a)Write the names of the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland. State the functions of these hormones in the human body.
- (b)Explain with the help of an example, the feedback mechanism for the regulation of hormonal secretion in the human body.
Answer
Pituitary secretes growth hormone, adrenal secretes adrenaline; feedback adjusts hormone release, as insulin secretion rises with blood sugar and falls as it drops.
(a) Pituitary gland: growth hormone. It regulates the growth and development of the body (its deficiency in childhood leads to dwarfism).
Adrenal gland: adrenaline. It prepares the body to deal with an emergency: it increases the heart rate, so that more oxygen reaches the muscles, increases the breathing rate, and diverts blood from the digestive system and skin to the skeletal muscles.
(b) The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by feedback mechanisms: the effect of a hormone is sensed and its secretion is adjusted. Example: when the sugar level in the blood rises, it is detected by the cells of the pancreas, which respond by producing more insulin; insulin lowers the blood sugar, and as the level falls, insulin secretion is reduced.
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