CBSE Class 10 Science 2019 · Paper 31/1/1 · Question 14(b)

An ecosystem is the system formed by all the living organisms in an area interacting with one another and with the non-living constituents of their environment, such as air, water, soil, sunlight and temperature. Block diagram of the flow of energy (see the figure): Sun (solar energy) → producers (green plants, which capture about 1% of the sunlight) → primary consumers (herbivores) → secondary consumers (carnivores) → tertiary consumers (top carnivores). Only about 10% of the energy passes from one level to the next; the rest is lost as heat at every level, the dead remains of every level go to the decomposers, and the flow of energy is in one direction only.