CBSE Class 10 Science 2023 · Paper 31/5/3 · Question 21
- (a)How is the brain and spinal cord protected in human beings ?
- (b)State one main function each of (i) Medulla and (ii) Cerebellum.
Answer
Cranium and fluid-filled meninges protect the brain, the vertebral column the spinal cord; the medulla controls involuntary actions and the cerebellum balance.
(a) The brain is protected by a bony box, the cranium (skull). Inside this box it lies in a fluid-filled balloon: three membranes, the meninges, hold cerebrospinal fluid around it, and this fluid acts as a shock absorber. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column (backbone), inside which it too is wrapped in the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.
(b) (i) Medulla: it controls involuntary actions such as blood pressure, salivation and vomiting. (ii) Cerebellum: it is responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and for maintaining the posture and balance of the body.
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